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Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 2867 Figure 9. Example of the effect of the test on a specimen. 3.1.3. Hardness Figure 10 shows a comparison of the Shore hardness D results on the material before and after assessment. 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 Before valorisation After valorisation Figure 10. Shore hardness of polyethylene before and after being recyclled.. 3.2. Characterisation of Recycled Polyethylene Fibres The average shore hardness of the original polyethylene was 47.54, being 46.9 for the 3.2.1. Geometric Properties of Recycled Fibres recycled polyethylene; in terms of shore hardness D, these values indicate that this poly- mer cFaonr btheecoansaildyesrisedofhathrde.gIenovmiewtriocfalthperorepseurlttise,sitocfatnhebefibcorensc,lufidrsetdlyt,htahtethdeiahmaerdtenreossf Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 21 1o0f0thfiebmresatweraisalmweasunroetda,fofbectateindinbgyarnecayvcelirnag.eOvnalutheeooft1h.e7r30hamnmd,walithoausgthantdhaerhdadrdevnieastsioin opfol0y.3m6e5rmscman.nTohtebrefdoire,ctiltycraenlabtedsetoentetnhsailtetshteretnhgicthkn(aessitoifstihnessteefilsb)r,eistgisivceosnussidaenraidbelya greater than the fibres usually used. that the strength of recycled polyethylene must be similar to that of the original, as shown Subsequently, the average roughness of the fibres was analysed, see Figure 11a, ob- Subsequently, the average roughness of the fibres was analysed, see Figure 11a, obtain- in previous sections. 10 of 20 taining a value of 0.1173 mm with its corresponding standard deviation of 0.0352 mm. In ing a value of 0.1173 mm with its corresponding standard deviation of 0.0352 mm. In this this case, obtaining fibres with a high roughness, as shown in Figure 11b, is beneficial for case, obtaining fibres with a high roughness, as shown in Figure 11b, is beneficial for the 3.2. Characterisation of Recycled Polyethylene Fibres the application in concrete because it increases the friction between the two materials, application in concrete because it increases the friction between the two materials, which 3.2.1. Geometric Properties of Recycled Fibres which increases the adhesion of the fibres to the concrete matrix, and therefore, improves increases the adhesion of the fibres to the concrete matrix, and therefore, improves the For the analysis of the geometrical properties of the fibres, firstly, the diameter of 100 the ability of the fibres to reinforce the concrete. 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 fibres was measured, obtaining an average value of 1.730 mm with a standard deviation of 0.365 mm. Therefore, it can be seen that the thickness of these fibres is considerably usually used. Mean value ability of the fibres to reinforce the concrete. Mean roughness greater than the fibres Recycled fibres 1.73 60 0.92 0.1173 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Position (mm) (a) (b) Figure 11. (a) Example of the determination of average roughness. (b) Example of recycled fibre. Figure 11. (a) Example of the determination of average roughness. (b) Example of recycled fibre. As shown in Table 3, the fibres manufactured can be considered long, thick, and ir- As shown in Table 3, the fibres manufactured can be considered long, thick, and regular. According to EN 14889-2 these fibres are classified as class II macro fibres and irregular. According to EN 14889-2 these fibres are classified as class II macro fibres and mmayayhhavaveeaastsrtuructcuturarlalfufunnctcitoionn. . Table 3. Recycled fibre general properties. Mean Diameter (mm) Mean Length (mm) Density (g/cm3) Mean Roughness (mm) Height (mm) Shore hardness D 3.2.2. Fibre Tensile StrengthPDF Image | Recycled Polyethylene Fibres for Structural Concrete
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