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Composite Materials Marine Composites Composite Materials Materials form an integral part of the way composite structures perform. Because the builder is creating a structural material from diverse constituent compounds, material science concepts are essential to the understanding of how structural composites behave. This chapter encompasses three broad groups of composite materials: • Reinforcements; • Resins; and • Core Materials. Descriptions and physical property data of representative marine materials will be presented. As with all composite material system design, the reader is cautioned not to optimize materials from each group without regard for how a system will perform as a whole. Material suppliers are often a good source of information regarding compatibility with other materials. Reinforcements for marine composite structures are primarily E-glass due to its cost for strength and workability characteristics. In contrast, the aerospace industry relies on carbon fiber as it’s backbone. In general, carbon, aramid fibers and other specialty reinforcements are used in the marine field where structures are highly engineered for optimum efficiency. Architecture and fabric finishes are also critical elements of correct reinforcement selection. Resin systems are probably the hardest material group for the designer and builder to understand. Fortunately, chemists have been working on formulations since Bakelite in 1905. Although development of new formulations is ongoing, the marine industry has generally based its structures on polyester resin, with trends to vinyl ester and epoxy for structurally demanding projects and highly engineered products. A particular resin system is effected by formulation, additives, catylization and cure conditions. Characteristics of a cured resin system as a structural matrix of a composite material system is therefore somewhat problematic. However certain quantitative and qualitative data about available resin systems exists and is given with the caveat that this is the most important fabrication variable to be verified by the build and test method. Core materials form the basis for sandwich composite structures, which clearly have advantages in marine construction. A core is any material that can physically separate strong, laminated skins and transmit shearing forces across the sandwich. Core materials range from natural species, such as balsa and plywood, to highly engineered honeycomb or foam structures. The dynamic behavior of a composite structure is integrally related to the characteristics of the core material used. 62PDF Image | Marine Componsites
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