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Industrial Use of FRP Marine Composites Practices or codes regarding safe FRP pipe design are established by the following organizations: • The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM); • The American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME); and • The American Petroleum Institute (API). Table 1-8 presents average properties of FRP pipe manufactured by different methods. Table 1-9 lists some recommended wall thicknesses for filament wound and contact molded pipes. FRP Piping Applications Oil Industry Approximately 500,000 feet of FRP pipe is installed at a Hodge-Union Texas project near Ringwood, OK, which is believed to be the single largest FRP pipe installation. FRP epoxy pipe was selected because of its excellent corrosion resistance and low paraffin buildup. The smoothness of the pipe walls and low thermal conductivity contribute to the inherent resistance to paraffin accumulation. The materials that tend to corrode metallic piping include crudes, natural gases, saltwater and corrosive soils. At an offshore installation in the Arabian Gulf, FRP vinyl ester pipe was selected because of its excellent resistance to saltwater and humidity. At this site, seawater is filtered through a series of 15 foot diameter tanks that are connected by 16 inch diameter piping using a multitude of FRP fittings. Table 1-8 Average Properties of Various FRP Pipe [Cheremisinoff, Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastics Deskbook ] Filament Wound Property with Epoxy or Polyester Resins Centrifugally Cast with Epoxy or Polyester Resin Contact Molded with Polyester Resin Modulus of Elasticity in Axial 6 6 6 Tension@77o F,psi 1.0-2.7x10 1.3-1.5x10 0.8-1.8x10 Ultimate Axial Tensile Strength @ 77o F, psi 8,000 - 10,000 25,000 9,000 - 18,000 Ultimate Hoop Tensile Strength @ 77o F, psi 24,000 - 50,000 35,000 9,000 - 10,000 Modulus of Elasticity in 6 6 6 BeamFlexure@77o F,psi 1-2x10 1.3-1.5x10 1.0-1.2x10 Coefficient of Thermal 6 6 6 Expansion, inch/inch/oF 8.5 - 12.7 x 10 13 x 10 15 x 10 Heat Deflection Temperature @ 264 psi, oF 200 - 300 200 - 300 200 - 250 Thermal Conductivity, Btu/ft2-hr-oF/inch 1.3 - 2.0 0.9 1.5 Specific Gravity 1.8 - 1.9 1.58 1.3 - 1.7 Corrosive Resistance E E NR E = excellent, will resist most corrosive chemicals NR = not recommended for highly alkaline or solvent applications 52PDF Image | Marine Componsites
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