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Industrial Use of FRP Marine Composites Industrial Use of FRP Thermoplastic resins were first used for industrial applications in 1889. Reinforced polyester resins were first utilized in 1944. FRP’s advantages in this field include: lightweight structural applications, wide useful temperature range, chemical resistance, flexibility, thermal and electrical insulation, and favorable fatigue characteristics. Piping Systems The use of FRP for large diameter industrial piping is attractive because handling and corrosion considerations are greatly improved. Filament wound piping can be used at working o temperatures up to around 30F0 with a projected service life of 100 years. Interior surfaces are much smoother than steel or concrete, which reduces frictional losses. The major difficulty with FRP piping installation is associated with connection arrangements. Construction techniques and engineering considerations are presented here, along with specific application examples. Pipe Construction The cylindrical geometry of pipes make them extremely well suited for filament winding construction. In this process, individual lengths of fiberglass are wound on to a mandrel form in an engineered geometry. Resin is either applied at the time of winding or pre-impregnated (prepreg) into the fiberglass in a semi-cured state. High pressure pipes and tanks are fabricated using this technique. A more economical but less structural method of producing pipes is called centrifugal casting. In this process, chopped glass fibers are mixed with resin and applied to the inside of a rotating cylindrical mold. The reinforcement fibers end up in a random arrangement making the structure’s strength properties isotropic. This process is used for large diameter pipe in low pressure applications. Contact molding by hand or with automated spray equipment is also used to produce large diameter pipe. The designer has somewhat more flexibility over directional strength properties with this process. Different applications may be more sensitive to either hoop stresses or longitudinal bending stresses. Figure 1-44 shows the typical construction sequence of a contact-molded pipe. Piping Materials Fiberglass is by far the most widely used reinforcement material for reinforced piping components. The strength benefits of higher strength fibers do not justify the added cost for large structures. The type of resin system used does vary greatly, depending upon the given application. Table 1-7 lists various resin characteristics with respect to pipe applications. Engineering Considerations The general approach to FRP pipe construction involves a chemically resistant inner layer that is surrounded by a high fiber content structural layer and finally a resin rich coating. Additional reinforcement is provided by ribbed stiffeners, which are either solid or hollow. 50PDF Image | Marine Componsites
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