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another to bind themselves into a hardened mass. This hardens rock-like mass is the concrete. Concrete is powerful, easy to create and could be formed into varied shapes and sizes. Besides that, it is reasonable, low cost and is instantly mixed. It is designed to allow reliable and high-quality fast-track construction. Structures designed with the concrete unit of measurement plenty of durable and should be designed to face up to earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, and tornadoes. This is an incredible advancement. With all the scientific advances there are in this world, there still has not been the way of preventing nature's injury. 2.3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE Concrete is actually a mixture of cement (the binder), water and some form of aggregate (the filler). This means that concrete is a composite material. In addition to this, cement is also a compound material, as it is a mixture of limestone and clay. It is made by burning the two compounds together at extremely high temperatures ranging from 1400 - 1600°C. While there is a range of cements available on the market - in addition to new research into sustainable alternatives - the most popular type of cement is known as Portland cement. Portland cement uses crushed CaCO3 (also known as limestone), mixed with clay, sand and iron ore to form a homogeneous powder. This powder is heated to the high temperatures discussed previously. To achieve these temperatures, the mixture is poured into kilns which consist of long steel cylinders that are rotated on an incline. Depending on the size of the kiln, the materials can take up to 2 hours to pass slowly through the cylinder. The slow process allows the different elements of the material to react. The reaction of these materials involves the following processes: 1. Evaporation – the first stage of the process is the loss of water from the mixture due to evaporation. 5PDF Image | concretes that use polymers as a binder
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