PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 015
Recycling 2021, 6, 18 15 of 19 consumption within the building by lowering the inside temperature. Together with fillers (e.g., sand, quarry fine), this type of concrete mix could help prevent heat transfer within a structure, which is relevant to Indonesia’s moderate to high temperatures. In particu- lar, there is a strong connection between thermal conductivity and concrete’s substantial weight whereby the use of plastics to replace aggregates can reduce concrete’s thermal conductivity compared to bare concrete [9,51]. Although the previous study has discussed the development of lightweight con- crete using HDPE additions (25%), opening up new development opportunities for non- structural and structural applications [52], our findings show that the concrete with added plastics should be directed to medium concrete strength. Therefore, mean concrete contain- ing plastics cannot be used as a primary construction material, i.e., for column, beam, and plate constructions, mainly due to safety factors and its poor fire-resistant behavior [50]. These findings have an impact and add to the development of lightweight concrete for the green construction sector. Thus, the addition of HDPE could also lead to a more sustainable approach to reducing plastic waste. 4.3. The Effect of HDPE Additions to Tensile and Compressive Strength As stated earlier, previous studies have found a relationship between plastics addition influencing concrete’s tensile strength and compressive strength [19,21,53] matching those of steel fibers that affected the value of splitting tensile and compressive strength [54], as well as plastic fibers, carbon fibers, and fibers from natural materials, such as flax or other plants. According to Hasan et al. [41], inserting fibers into a concrete mixture can increase the concrete composite’s tensile strength by about 10–15%, compared to standard concrete. Other research found similar results that fibers can prevent brittle failure and enhance the ductility of the concrete [48,52,54]. The tensile strength is an essential determinant of how concrete performs under induced stress. Figures 7 and 8 show the connection between tensile and compressive strength; although their relationship is not directly proportional. The higher the com- pressive strength, the higher the tensile strength, but at a decreasing rate [55]. This study indicates that the addition of 5% HDPE increases the tensile and compressive strength of concrete, better than 2.5%, 10%, and 20%. Furthermore, the addition of 10% and 20% HDPE content to B0 and f’c25 concrete reduced the tensile and compressive strength. This finding in line with other studies showing that increasing the volume fraction can affect fiber bonding and decrease the strength of concrete composites [15,25,51]. However, this study identified that this did not apply to f’c10 MPa concrete, where an increase in quality occurred, even with a content of 20% for sheets with a size of 5 × 20 mm (13% increase in splitting tensile strength; 35% increase in compressive strength). Therefore, the amount of added HDPE should be chosen on the basis of the weight of the cement used, as outlined in Table 2. Further, since all HDPE samples added had the same cross-sectional area, the size largely determines the results, whereby the position of plastic lamellar particles in the concrete can reduce the optimality of the aggregate bond, as seen in Figure 9. The findings emphasized that even though the plastic lamellar particles have the same cross-sectional area, different results came because their position depends on the pressure received. This explains why some lamellar particles are curved and some are straight. Figures 7 and 8 show that in particular for lamellar particles at a size of “10 × 10 mm”, the plastic lamellar particles are packed together in a straight position, but in terms of its capacity to withstand loads, the size of “5 × 20 mm” produced a better response compared to “10 × 10 mm”. It shows that the length of the lamellar particles is important, up to a certain size. In summary, the performance of the additions with respect to strength testing was in the order of 5 × 20 mm > 2.5 × 40 mm > 10 × 10 mm. Thus, the use of HDPE with a size of 5 × 20 mm as an additive in the concrete mixture was acceptable.PDF Image | Recycled HDPE Plastic Additions on Concrete Performance
PDF Search Title:
Recycled HDPE Plastic Additions on Concrete PerformanceOriginal File Name Searched:
recycling-06-00018-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Development of a solar powered Electric Ship The Electricship website originally started off as a project to develop a comprehensive renewable, affordable, modular electric ship... More Info
Modular Boat Hull Composite The case for a unsinkable, modular composite hybrid boat hull... More Info
MS Burgenstock Hybrid Electric Catamaran Lake Lucerne Unique shuttle servicing Lucerne to the Burgenstock Resort... More Info
Ground Power Unit GPU Powered by Lithium Ion Batteries The goal of the Ground Power Unit is to provide a readily accessible, modular, ready-to-power solution for remote power... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@electricship.com (Standard Web Page)