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c 4 4 B 5r Where DI = inside diameter of the pipe, in an And also, since DI = Do – 2ta (where ta is 1.06 tm, as previously assumed) it 2.12 2 386 Chapter 10 Where D = inside diameter of the pipe, in And Maalsrione,InssitnallcateionDsI I = Do – 2ta (where ta is 1.06 tm, as previously assumed) it can then be shown that: then beWsh own that: D 1 1 R (Eq. 3) L L o 144 4 DR And also, since DI = Do – 2ta (where ta is 1.06 tm, as previously assumed) it can then be shown that: (3) 2.12 2 Wc L Do 1 1 R (Eq.3) 1444 DR .0 WDW, the weight of the water displaced by the pipe is determined by means of the following formula: 28 .0W following formula: DW πD2 1 o 4. WDW , the weight of the water displaced by the pipe is determined by means of the , the weight of the water displaced by the pipe is determined by means of thefolloW(w4)ing=formula2: ρ (Eq.4) DW D1W 4 144 WDW o W 4 144 Where: W = the density of the displaced water, lbs/cu ft (Eq.4) Where: W = the density of the displaced water, lbs/cu ft WHERE ρW = the density of the displaced water, lbs/cu ft y substituting Equations 2, 3 and 4 into Equation 1, and by simplifying the .e0sBulytasnutbsretiltautionngsEhqipuatthioenfso2ll,o3waingd 4foirnmtouElaq(uEatqiounat1io, nan2d ibnytshiemtpelixfty)inisgothbetarienseudlt:ant 5. By substituting Equations 2, 3 and 4 into Equation 1, and by simplifying the resultant relationship the following formula (Equation 2 in the text) is obtained: relationship, the following formula (Equation 2 in the text) is obtained: Appendix A-2 Water Forces Acting on Submerged PE Piping The following is a brief introduction to the technology for the estimating of the magnitude of the lateral forces that can act on a submerged pipe in consequence of water currents and wave action. As this technology is relatively complex and it is still emerging, the objective of this introduction is to provide basic information and references that can provide initial guidance for the proper design of PE piping for submerged applications. It is the responsibility of the designer to determine the design requirements and appropriate design protocol for the specific anticipated conditions and design requirements of a particular project. In addition to the information and references herein provided, the reader should consult the technical staff of PPI member companies for further information, including references to engineering companies that have experience in the use of PE piping for submerged applications. Submerged pipes can be subject to lateral forces generated by currents or by wave action. A principal design objective is to ensure that the resultant lateral forces do not subject the pipe to excessive deflection, nor to fiber stresses or strains that could challenge the pipe material’s capabilities. Thus, the capacity to estimate with some (DR −1.06) ρ 2.12 2 ρ F =[0.0054D2ρ ]4.24 p +1− (1−R) c −1 BoW2 (DR) ρw DR ρw 24PDF Image | Marine Installations PE
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