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Chapter 10 379 Marine Installations want to utilize a higher minimum bending radius to compensate for additional factors such as extremely strong currents, tidal activity, prevailing marine traffic, frequency of ballast placement, or other installation variables associated with a specific installation. TABLE 3 Pipe Diameter Multipliers for the Determining of Minimum Bending Radii Pipe DR Multiplier* 11 8.9 13.5 11.2 17 14.3 21 17.8 26 22.3 32.5 28.1 * The minimum buckling radius of a pipe, in inches, is equal to the pipe’s outside diameter, in inches, times the listed multiplier It is essential that the water be introduced into the pipe at a controlled rate. This is done to ensure that the submersion process occurs at a rate that does not result in excessive localized pipe bending that could buckle the pipe. It also allows the pipe to settle properly on the bottom – thus avoiding any bridging between high spots which may make the pipe more vulnerable to movement when subjected to strong currents. Experience has shown that submerging the pipe at a rate in the range of about 800 to 1500 feet per hour has been found to be adequate for most cases. While the pipe is in the bent condition, long stoppage of the submersion procedure must be avoided. Consult with the pipe manufacturer and design engineer for specific submersion techniques for individual installations. The risk of buckling can be minimized by applying a suitable pulling force during the submerging, such as illustrated by Figure 8. - BALLAST WEIGHT 21 Figure 9.8 Pulling of the Pipe During Subm Figure 8 Pulling the pipe during submersion is a means for avoiding excessive bending that could risk buckling of the pipe Excessive Bending That Could Risk t When the end of a pipe that is being submerged connection, air release can best be accomplishe Figure 9.8 Pulling of the Pipe During Submersion is a Means for Avoiding Excessive Bending That Could Risk the Buckling of the PipePDF Image | Marine Installations PE
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