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376 Chapter 10 Marine Installations Figure 5 Unballasted PE Pipeline Being Floated Out to Marine Construction Barge Where Ballast Weights are Installed Pipe with attached ballast weights should be moved into the water by means of a ramp or skidway arrangement that allows the ballasts to move easily into the water without hanging up on the ground. The ramp or skidway must extend sufficiently into the water so that when the pipe leaves this device the ballast weight is fully supported by the floating pipe. Pipe without ballast weights may be moved over the ground provided it is free of rocks, debris or any other material that may damage the pipe. When this is not practical, wooden dunnage or wooden rollers may be placed between the pipe and the ground surface. The pipe should be moved using suitable equipment. The pipe may be moved by lifting and then pulling it using one piece of equipment while using another piece of equipment to simultaneously push the pipe from its inboard end. PE pipe should only be lifted using wide-band nylon slings, spreader slings with rope or band slings, or any other means that avoids the development of concentrated point loading. Under no conditions should the flange assemblies be used to pull the pipe. Prior to the launching of the pipe into the water, a strategy should be worked out to control the floating pipeline as it moves into the water and to store it away from navigational traffic until such time as the entire length is ready for submerging. For this purpose, suitable marine equipment – such as boats that have adequate tugging power and maneuverability – may need to be on hand. Other means for controlling the pipe can be a system of heavy block anchors that are positioned on either side of the proposed site into which the pipe will be submerged. In the case of river crossings, a system of guide cables that are anchored on the opposite shore can serve to control the position of the pipeline, particularly when the pipeline is subject to strong river flow.PDF Image | Marine Installations PE
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