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attach the required ballast weights onto the pipe from a barge from which option, which is illustrated in Figure 9.1, is to the pipe is slid to the bottom by means of a sled that has been designed to weights onto the pipe from a barge from which Chapter 10 367 ensure that the bending of the pipe is less than that which might risk m by means of a sled that has been designed to ipe’s bu d plastic foamed erged. A further option, equired ballast weights onto the slid to the bottom by means of a sled th at the bending of the pipe is less than that whic (See the discussion on pipe submersion). Figure 9.1 Submerging a Heavily Weighted Pipe From a Barge 2.3.4 Ensuring that the required weighting shall not be compromised by air entrapment – As suggested by the “K” values in Table 9.1 that apply to pipes that are partially filled with air, even a modest amount of air entrapment can result in a lift force that can significantly reduce the quali of pipe anchorage. For example, if a pipeline is weighted to 25% of the water it displaces and in a section of that pipeline enough air accumula to occupy just 10% of the pipe’s inner volume the lift produced by that amount of air will reduce the effective weighting in that portion of the pipeline to about only 15% of the pipe displacement. Such reduction sure to compromise the stability of that pipe section against wave a current actions. Accordingly, one important objective in the design piping system is to prevent the entrance and accumulation of air portions of the submerged section. In outfall systems, one effec means to achieve this objective is to utilize a surge or “drop” ch within the system design as illustrated in Figure 9.2. Another precautionary measure is to ensure that there are no localize along the submerged pipeline that could accumulate air or g particularly during periods of low or no flow rate. buckling (See the discussion on pipe submersion). he pipe is less than that which might risk n on pipe submersion). One Method of Installation Ballast Weight Figure 1 Submerging a heavily weighted pipe from a barge Figure 9.1 Submerging a Heavily Weighted Pipe From a Barge Step 3d Ensuring that the Required Weighting Shall Not Be Compromised by Air Entrapment g a Heavily Weighted Pipe From a Barge As suggested by the “K” values in Table 1 that apply to pipes that are partially 2.3.4 Efilnlesduwriitnhgairt,hevaetntahmeordesqtuamiroeudntwofeaiigr henttirnagpmsehntaclalnnroestublteincaolimft fporcoemthaist ed by air entrapment – As suggested by the “K” values in Table 9.1 that apply to quired weighting shall not be compromised by can significantly reduce the quality of pipe anchorage. For example, if a pipeline is weighted to 25% of the water it displaces and in a section of that pipeline enough pipes that are partially filled with air, even a modest amount of air sted by the “K” values in Table 9.1 that apply to air accumulates to occupy just 10% of the pipe’s inner volume, the lift produced by entrapment can result in a lift force that can significantly reduce the quality with air, even a modest amount of air that amount of air will reduce the effective weighting in that portion of the pipeline of pipe anchorage. For example, if a pipeline is weighted to 25% of the ift force that can significantly reduce the quality to about only 15% of the pipe displacement. Such reduction is sure to compromise water it displaces and in a section of that pipeline enough air accumulates mple, if a tphiepsetalbinilietyiosf twhaetipgiphetesedctiton a2g5ai%nstowfavthe eand current actions. Accordingly, one Marine Installations quired weights are added where required after the e submerging of the pipe. Another option is to temporarily e’s buoyancy by the use of empty tanks or drums, or large astic foamed material that are then released as the pipe is d. A further option, which is illustrated in Figure 9.1, is to ed ballast weights onto the pipe from a barge from which o the bottom by means of a sled that has been designed to bending of the pipe is less than that which might risk e discussion on pipe submersion). 8 to occupy just 10% of the pipe’s inner volume the lift produced by that important objective in the design of the piping system to prevent the entrance and section of that pipeline enough air accumulates amountacocufmauirlawtioinllorfeadiruincaelltphoertioenfsfeocf thiveesuwbmeeirgehdtisnecgtioin. tInhaouttfpaollrstyisotenmos,fonthee ipe’s inner volume the lift produced by that effective means for achieving this objective is to utilize a surge or “drop” chamber pipeline to about only 15% of the pipe displacement. Such reduction is e effective weighting in that portion of the into the system design, as illustrated in Figure 2. Another precautionary measure is sure to compromise the stability of that pipe section against wave and of the pipe displacement. Such reduction is to ensure that there are no localized high points along the submerged pipeline that 9 current actions. Accordingly, one important objective in the design of the bility of that pipe section against wave and could accumulate air or gases, particularly during periods of low or no flow rate. piping system is to prevent the entrance and accumulation of air in all y, one important objective in the design of the portions of the submerged section. In outfall systems, one effective the entrance and accumulation of air in all means to achieve this objective is to utilize a surge or “drop” chamber section. In outfall systems, one effective Water Surface within the system design as illustrated in Figure 9.2. Another ctive is to utilize a surge or “drop” chamber Underground precautionary measure is to ensure that there areSnuobmloarcianelizPeEd high points s illustrated in FigureP9E .P2i.peAnother along the submerged pipeline that could accumulate air or gases, o ensure that there are no localized high points particularly during periods of low or no flow rate. ne that could accumulate air or gases, Figure 2 A surge chamber may be used to prevent air from entering a pipeline Figure 9.2 A Surge Chamber May be Used to Prevent of low or no flow rate. Air from Entering a Pipeline In cases where the possibility of some accumulation of air or gas –whichPDF Image | Marine Installations PE
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