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Chapter One APPLICATIONS Mass Transit High speed passenger trains are in- service in Japan and France, but remain drawing board ideas in this country. Performance is gained, in part, through weight reduction and composite materials play an integral role with existing and proposed applications. Cored panels, consisting of either end- grain balsa or honeycomb structures, work best to resist the predominant out-of-plane loads. Skins are usually Figure 1-43 glass/phenolic or melamine. Spray-up els in a passenger railcar application [Hexcel] glass/phenolic components are also utilized. In this country, people movers or monorail systems are in place at some amusement parks, at airports and in some downtown areas. The Walt Disney World monorail uses 800 pound car shells that are 95% glass/phenolic and 5% carbon/epoxy and are built by Advanced Technology & Research [1-60] Cargo Handling Shipping containers are now being constructed of FRP materials to achieve weight savings and to facilitate and simplify trans-shipment. Santa Fe Railway has developed an FRP container unit that is modular, allowing containers to be easily transferred to/from trucks, trains and ships. The containers are constructed using fiberglass in a polyester matrix with a core of balsa wood. The units are aerodynamically designed to reduce wind drag. The containers can be stacked up to six containers high when placed on a ship for transport. Aside from the substantial weight savings achieved using these containers, the transported goods need not be transferred from one form of container to another. This results in lower handling costs and reduces the risk of cargo damage. [1- 61] In 1992, Stoughton Composites took over Goldsworthy Engineering, a pioneer in pultrusion technology. They first introduced a refrigerated container for domestic use that was 1000 pounds lighter than aluminum versions and had 25% less heat transfer. Through a recent collaboration with American Presidential Lines and Kelly transportation, a standard 40-foot ISO container was developed for trans-ocean container ship use. The containers are made from E-glass/isopolyester pultruded panels up to 48" wide that incorpo ra4t5e off-axis reinforcements. The container weighs 5,000 pounds as compared to 8,600 pound standard steel containers. Stoughton also anticipates the following advantages: no corrosion or painting requirements; adhesive bonding repairs versus welding or rivets; composite versus wood floors; 15-year life verus 8 - 10years. [1-62] Hardcore DuPont has teamed with Trinity and Burlington Northern to produce insulated railcars using their patented SCRIMP resin infusion process. The cars weigh 14,000 pounds each and are made with heavy knit E-glass fabrics from BTI and Dow’s 411-350 vinyl ester resin. Like Stoughton’s ISO containers, the prototype boxcars produced in mid-1995 show Applications of honeycomb pan- 46PDF Image | Marine Componsites
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