Marine Componsites

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Marine Componsites ( marine-componsites )

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Marine Composites Table of Contents Introduction The evolution of composite material boat construction has created the need to evaluate the basic design tools that are used to create safe marine structures. As materials and building practices improve, it is not unreasonable to consider composite construction for vessels up to 100 meters (approx 330 feet). Although design principles for ship structures and composite materials used for aerospace structures are mature as individual disciplines, procedures for combining the technologies are at an infancy. This second editionMAoRf INE COMPOSITESexplores the technologies required to engineer advanced composite materials for large marine structures. As with the first edition MofARINE COMPOSITES, Applications, Materials, Design Performance and Fabrication are addressed. This edition ofMARINE COMPOSITES is the outgrowth of Ship Structure Committee (SSC) reports SSC-360 and SSC-403. The U.S. Navys NSWC, Carderock Division also funded an update of the Applications and Fabrication sections. The author is also indebted to builders that responded to surveys on materials and processes. Individuals who served on the SSC Project Technical Committee provided valuable input throughout the duration of the project. In particular, Dr. Gene Camponeschi, Dr. Robert Sielski, Loc Nguyen, Dave Heller, Bill Lind, George Wilhelmi, Chuck Rollhauser and Ed Kadala have given insight into the design of marine composite structures based on their own experience. Art Wolfe and Dr. Ron Reichard of Structural Composites; Tom Johannsen of ATC Chemical Corporation; and Ken Raybould of Martech also contributed with data and review. Background The origins of composite material concepts date back to the builders of primitive mud and straw huts. Modern day composite materials were launched with phenolic resins at the turn of the century. The start of fiberglass boatbuilding began after World War II. The U.S. Navy built a class of 28-foot personnel craft just after the war based on the potential for reduced maintenance and production costs. During the 1960s, fiberglass boatbuilding proliferated and with it came the rapid increase in boat ownership. The mass appeal of lower cost hulls that required virtually no maintenance launched a new class of boaters in this country. Early FRP boatbuilders relied on build and test or empirical methods to guarantee that the hulls they were producing were strong enough. Because fiberglass was a relatively new boatbuilding material, designers tended to be conservative in the amount of material used. In 1960, Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation sponsored the naval architecture firm, Gibbs & Cox to produce theMarine Design Manual for Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics.This book, published by McGraw-Hill, was the first fiberglass design guide targeted directly at the boatbuilding industry. Design and construction methods were detailed and laminate performance data for commonly used materials were presented in tabular form. The guide proved to be extremely useful for the materials and building techniques that were prevalent at .the time As the aerospace industry embraced composites for airframe construction, analytical techniques developed for design. The critical nature of composite aerospace structures warrants significant analysis and testing of proposed laminates. Unfortunately for the marine industry, aerospace laminates usually consist of carbon fiber and epoxy made from reinforcements pre- ix

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