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J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 28 J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8, 26 10 of 28 in case of significant seabed depth, are generally built converting disused oil tankers, due to the reduced realization cost and the possibility to store crude oil [26–28]. In Figure 3 a scheme of a floating structure Tension Leg Platform (TLP) with risers and tendons In Figure 3 a scheme of a floating structure Tension Leg Platform (TLP) with risers and tendons is depicted. is depicted. Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the tension leg platform (TLP) [29]. Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the tension leg platform (TLP) [29]. The riser is a tube connecting an offshore floating facility or a drilling rig to an underwater drilling The riser is a tube connecting an offshore floating facility or a drilling rig to an underwater and production systems. Risers are considered the most critical components in offshore pipelines, drilling and production systems. Risers are considered the most critical components in offshore being exposed to high static and dynamic loads in severe and hostile working conditions. The length pipelines, being exposed to high static and dynamic loads in severe and hostile working conditions. and the flexibility of the connecting tubes are crucial to withstand the relative displacements between The length and the flexibility of the connecting tubes are crucial to withstand the relative the submerged structure and the floating station, induced by the actions of wave motion and sea displacements between the submerged structure and the floating station, induced by the actions of currents. Furthermore, risers act as the framework for the piping elements conveying the crude oil wave motion and sea currents. Furthermore, risers act as the framework for the piping elements from the wells to the surface plants and as a container in case of oil leakage. Loads acting on the riser conveying the crude oil from the wells to the surface plants and as a container in case of oil leakage. are very different in nature (concentrated rather than distributed, static rather than dynamic) and not Loads acting on the riser are very different in nature (concentrated rather than distributed, static homogeneously applied along its length. Concentrated forces and torques act mainly at the junction rather than dynamic) and not homogeneously applied along its length. Concentrated forces and between the riser to the floating platform. On the other hand, distributed loads are attributable to the torques act mainly at the junction between the riser to the floating platform. On the other hand, weight of the riser and (internal and external) fluid-structure interaction. Apart from the gravity and distributed loads are attributable to the weight of the riser and (internal and external) fluid-structure buoyancy action, riser materials are typically subjected to axial traction force on the upper part of the interaction. Apart from the gravity and buoyancy action, riser materials are typically subjected to upright, radial solicitation caused by the water current, shear stresses induced by the axial (vertical) axial traction force on the upper part of the upright, radial solicitation caused by the water current, flow of the inner moving fluid, concentrated forces reacting floating platform movements [30,31]. shear stresses induced by the axial (vertical) flow of the inner moving fluid, concentrated forces reacting floating platform movements [30,31].PDF Image | Marine Application of Fiber Reinforced Composites
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