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Mapping of Global plastics value chain and plastics losses to the environment With a particular focus on marine environment Chapter highlights ▪ The global plastics industry had an estimated annual revenue of 1,722 billion Euro in 2015 ▪ Main stakeholders are plastic producers, consumers and waste managers. Other important stakeholders are industry associations and regional, national, and international governmental and non-governmental institutions The Global plastics value chain ranges from the extraction of raw materials for plastics production to final disposal of the plastic- or plastic containing products. Figure 1 provides a schematic overview of the Global plastics value chain and indicates the key stakeholder associated with plastic production, consumption and end-of-life (EoL). Key actors are the plastic producers and processors, as well as the plastic industry associations, such as PlasticsEurope. Annual revenue for the plastics industry in EU28 (PlasticsEurope, 2016a) and USA (The Plastics Industry Trade Association, 2016) was extrapolated to global level based on the market share of EU28 and USA. Thereby, the Global plastics industry was estimated to have an annual revenue of 1,722 billion Euro in 2015 which correspond to about 3% of the total world economy in 2015 (Janßen et al., 2016). With regards to the plastic- and plastic containing products, industries and consumers who use the products are key actors who can influence and put pressure on plastic producers and processors based on their consumption choices. The EoL actors are the companies and governments responsible for managing the plastic waste. Plastic waste management is likely to be dominated by public waste management for consumer-citizen plastic waste, which is often collected as part of the municipal solid waste (MSW) either as part of mixed residual waste or as a separate plastic fraction. Private companies are more likely to be dominating waste management from industries where the plastic fraction often consists of only few plastic types while impurities from other waste fractions is also low compared to citizen waste, thus, making it more suited for recycling. Running across the entire value chain is national and international governmental bodies as well as other non- governmental institutions. These can influence all parts of the plastic value chain (i.e. production, consumption, and EoL) through different measures. This can, for instance, be by implementing legislation, setting targets that should be met or otherwise applying pressure on the involved actors. 24 | 2 Global plastics value chain © KPad, Shutterstock.comPDF Image | Mapping of global plastics value chain
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