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Table 1.1 (Continued) Pipe Material Number of Total Length Failure Failures (in miles) (per 100 miles per year) CI 57 200 29 HDPE 0 5 NA Source: CUIRE 2013. Table 1.2 presents the average failure rate from the United Kingdom Water Industry Research (UKWIR) national failure database. These results are based on 17 water utilities. Table 1.2 Average failure rates (per 62 mile) from UKWIR national failure database Average failure rate per 62 miles (100 km) per year Material group Asbestos cement DuctileIron Iron PE PVC Steel 5 6.1 5.8 Unknown 0.1 0 0 Source: Ong et al. 2008. Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Average 16.4 17.1 15.1 15.8 15.6 16 5 5.3 4.8 4.8 6.5 5.28 23.7 23.7 19.1 21.7 12.3 20.1 3.5 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.16 7.4 3.3 7.32 5.7 33.1 11.14 0.1 15.9 3.22 9.6 9.1 7.2 In a recent study, Jana Laboratories (2011) conducted a survey for performance of Polyethylene (PE) potable distribution systems. Some of the pipes reported in this study were manufactured nearly 50 years ago. According to this study, while the chemical formula for PE remained the same, PE manufacturers improved the polymer structure over the years to significantly increase slow crack growth resistance, tensile strength, ductility, allowable hydrostatic stress and other pipe material properties. Major changes were considered for new generation of PE pipe material. An example reported was the change from the “PE3408” generation of the 1990s to the current PE4710 generation developed in 2010. Out of 300 utilities, 38 utilities installed PE pipes, and 208 utilities installed PE service lines. Figure 1.1 illustrates the distribution of utilities by date of reported first installation of PE pipes in the last 20 years. The Jana Laboratories report (2011) found that most of the utilities started installing PE pipe in 1990s. Figure 1.2 presents the comparison of utility satisfaction with PE pipe by generation and shows that utilities are more satisfied with the new generation HDPE pipe. These results are based on PE installed in the last 30 years. 2 ©2015 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.PDF Image | Large Diameter HDPE Pipe for Water Main Applications
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