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Shortly after mixing, the concrete enters a period of hydration in which the main compounds disband resulting in the production of a considerable amount of heat. A latent phase, vital in preventing the concrete to harden immediately after mixing, follows the hydration phase. Subsequently, the hardening of the mix begins to happen. This process endlessly carries on until all of the water is consumed in the chemical reaction with the Portland cement. According to ASTM C192, a 28 day curing period is required for Portland cement specimen to achieve optimal strength. 3.2.1 Types of Portland cement Different types of Portland cement are manufactured and standardized in the United States in order to satisfy all the required physical and chemical functions. ASTM, which stands for “American Society for Testing and Materials” customized eight different types of cement to meet all of the necessary needs : ordinary (Type I & type IA), modified (Type II and IIA), high-early-strength (Type III & IIIA), low-heat (Type IV), and sulfate-resistant (Type V) (ASTM C150). Type I was used in this study. 3.2.2 Properties of Portland cement concrete Portland cement concrete is very strong in compression, but weak in tension. Its compressive strength is approximately ten times higher than its tensile strength. For this reason, cement concrete is often used in the construction of “load carrying structures” such as road, bridges and columns (Singh, 1979). In structures subjected to high tensile stress, steel reinforcement is required to provide the tensile strength necessary to carry the 10PDF Image | HDPE FIBER REINFORCED RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE
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