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Polymers 2021, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 21 Polymers 2021, 13, 1885 5 of 23 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 h Bisw as [10] (a) Shan Suga mugap nthy an riya an d Chan d Sant drasek i [12] ar [11] Bada che et a l. [14] Chidi ac and Mihalj evic [1 5] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 HDPE % 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 (b) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 HDPE % 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 HDPE % 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 (d) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 HDPE % Figure 3. 28-days’ (a) Compressive strength; (b) Splitting tensile strength; (c) Flexural strength and (d) Modulus of elastic- Figure 3. 28-days’ (a) Compressive strength; (b) Splitting tensile strength; (c) Flexural strength and (d) Modulus of elasticity ity variation of HDPE fine aggregate concrete. variation of HDPE fine aggregate concrete. Table 1. Mix design and compressive strength properties of HDPE fine aggregate concrete. Similar to compressive and splitting tensile strengths, the flexural strength also de- Refer Cemen ence t % (kg/m3) increase of HDPE from 0% to 10% and obtained the optimum flexural strength of 6.1 MPa [10] [13] [12] [11] [15]118kg 0 [14] 400 0 [15]118kg 3 [10] 315 5 [13] - 5 [12] 320 5 [15]118kg 6 [10] 315 7.5 A similar flexural strength development was observed by Biswas et al. [10] when HDPE is8i9n2c.2reas1e2d85f.5rom 013%2.3to 150%.42. There- was no- cha1n7.g7e7 in23fl.0e9xura28l.8stren-gth i-n HD-PE-0-and 315 0 - 0 320 0 - 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 29.65 33.49 34.2 - 34.38 - - creases with the increases of HDPE fine aggregate percentage, Figure 3c. It is interesting to Mix Design Mechanical Properties note that the flexural strength of concrete incorporated with HDPE up to 15% was higher Compressive Strength (MPa) than the sCtoaanrsdeard concrete [10,1A2d].mTixhtuereflexural strength has increased by 56.4% with the HDPE Sand HDPE Sand Aggregat Water W/C s/superplas % 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 95 95 95 94 92.5 65.3 (kg/m3) es (kg/m3) ratio ticizer 3 days 7 days 14 days 28 days 90 120 160 180 (kg/m3) at HDPE-10 [12]. Then, a slight strength drop of 1.4 MPa was observed at HDPE-15 [12]. (kg/m3) (w%) days days days days HDPE-5 concretes, and then a 54.1% strength gain was noted with the increase of HDPE 848.6 1286.5 134.4 0.42 - - 24 28 34 - - - - from 5% to 10% and obtained optimum flexural strength of 5.98 MPa at HDPE-10 [10]. A - - - 0.45 - - 15.55 24.75 27.26 - - - - drop of 28.9% was observed, when HDPE is added from 10% to 15% [10]. 841kg 522kg 32l - - 19 - - - - - 32.5 - The modulus of elasticity is decreased with the increase of HDPE percentage, Table 2. - - 200 0.5 0.8 - 34.5 - 42 43 - - 43 According to Figure 3d, there was a considerable elasticity modulus decrease, 74%, when 816kg 522kg 30l - - 18.5 - - - - - 25 - - - - HDPE content increases up to 15% [14,15]. It is observed that the density of the HDPE fine 44.6 847.6 1285.5 132.3 0.42 - - 23 27.8 35 - - - - agg-regateco-ncreteis-decrea-sedwith-theinc-rease15o.6f9rec1y8c.4l1edH28.D57PEc-ont2e8n.6t3,Tab-le2.-The 806.21286.5134.40.42- -2224.5313---3- densityofHDPEfineaggregateconcretehasvariedfrom2165kg/m to1825kg/m,when 790kg 522kg 30l - - 14 - - - - - 19 - HDPE increases from 0% to 15% [15]. Badache et al. [14] have observed a 20% density 805.2 1285.5 132.3 0.42 - - 21 25 31 - - - - reduction with the increase of HDPE from 0% to 60% and obtained a density of 1760 kg/m3 at HDPE-60. 28-days' Flexural Strength (MPa) 28-days' Compressive Strength (MPa) Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 28-days' Splitting Tensile Strength (MPa)PDF Image | Engineering Performance of Concrete Incorporated with Recycled HDPE
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