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2 are connected to heating/cooling elements on the barrel to hold the tempera- ture at the set-point temperatures. The ability of the screw and barrel assembly to extrude a given material is dependent on the characteristics of the plastics material, the characteristics, or construction, of the screw and barrel, and the conditions under which the system is operated. Gear Box Hopper Heaters Barrel Screw Cooling Fans Die Drive Motor Figure 1. Single Screw Extruder (courtesy of Dr. Harold Giles) Post Extrusion Equipment Once the extrudate leaves the die it can either be set to the shape to be pro- duced or have its shape altered and then set to shape. The equipment that does this is called the ‘post extrusion equipment’ or the ‘haul off’ and in terms of size it is usually far larger than the extruder. One reason is that plastics take a long time to cool. This cooling process often determines how fast the line will operate. Products of Extrusion The products of extrusion include: • Feedstock for Other Plastics Processes: Extruders are widely used as com- pounders, or mixers. The output from an extruder compounder is granulated or chopped to form the feed for another process, such as, injection molding or extrusion • Plastic Film: This is usually used for packaging or sealed into bags • Plastic Pipe: Used for gas, water, drains, etc. • Plastic Tubing: Used for hose and tubing for automobiles, laboratories, etc. • Plastic Insulated Wire and Cable: Used in the home and industry for appliances, for electric power distribution, communications etc. • Profile: Used for tracks, windows, doors, home siding, gaskets, etc. • Filaments: Used for brushes, ropes, twine, etc. • Sheet: Used for signs, lighting, glazing, etc. • Nets: Used for packaging, soil stabilization, etc. • Plastic Coated Paper and Metal: Used for packaging Co-Extrusion Co-extrusion is a process where two, or more, melt streams are combined in a die to produce an extrudate formed from two, or more, materials. The process is now associated with thermoplastics materials although it was first practicedPDF Image | Dynisco Extrusion Processors Handbook
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