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loosenedfromthepipewall.Itwasthepracticeofthisdredgeoperatortorotatethedredgepipe1/4turnevery 2 day5. A combination of factors resulted in this poor performance, which couldbe attributed to misapplication rather than to poor quality material. Slight overpressure, sharp dredged material, and many flanges would not have damageda steel pipeline. In this application,the additionalturbulenceinduced by the flanges and the sharpnessof the materialquicklyerodedthe pipe. Fusedconnectionsare recommendedin HDPEpipeto reduceslurryturbulenceandpipewear.Therewasalsoevidenceof poorpipealignmentwhichaccentuated the effects of the turbulence. Thisoperatoragreedthatperhapshigherpressureratedpipewouldhavelastedlonger.Healsoagreedthat HDPEisnotwellsuitedtodredgedmaterialthatincludesgravelandrocks.HedidremarkthattheHDPEpipe wasconsiderablyeasiertohandleandinstallandconformedeasilytotheuneventerrain.Hedoesnotplan to use HOPEin similardredgingsituationsbutwouldconsiderusingit if thedredgedmaterialwasfiner. AnotherdredgeoperatorfelthehadreceivedpoorqualitypipeorbuttfusionequipmenwthenhisHDPEpipe experiencefdailureatthestubbendfusionjoint.Theoperatowrasnotdiscouragebdythisexperienceh;eis morecarefulinhisselectionofpipemanufacturerandcontinuestouseHDPEpipe, Withinthedredgingcommunity,certainpipecompanieshavethe reputationof producinga qualityproduct whileothershaveearnedthedistinctionofproducinga producwt hichdoesnotperformwell.A.manufacturer's reputationandguaranteepolicyshouldbeconsideredwhenpurchasingHDPEpipe, Summary As the dredgingindustryexpands,accompaniedby higheroperatingcosts and increaseddistancesto disposaslites,newtechnologayndmaterialasrebeingintroducedH.DPEpipecanbeanefficienatlternative orsupplementotsteeldischargelines,ThephysicaalndmechanicaplropertiesofHDPEaresufficiently different from steel that it must not be treated as a rigid pipe. Its flexible, lightweight, abrasion-resistant nature offersthedredgeoperatornewfreedominpipelinedesign,life,cost,andmaintenance. ThepreviousdiscussionhasidentifiedmanyoftheHDPEcharacteristicsthatmakeitweIIsuitedto dredging situations.Manufacturer'srecommendationshouldalwaysbefollowedconcerningthe pipespecificationsfor a specific project. Other practices, proven by experience,should be seriously considered such as the eliminationof flangesbyusingthebuttweldjoint,rotationof pipeto distributewearpatterns,andthe avoidance of extensivedredgingof sharp,angularmaterialor largerocks.However,the useof HDPEpipegivesthe dredgeoperatorcertain"liberties"that can be employedsuchas slighttemporaryoverpressuringt,hat will, in thelongterm,proveeconomicalincostandtimefortheproject. The Portland HDPE field test proved that large-diameter HDPE pipe can be successfully and easily incorporatedinto an existingdredgedischargepipeline,Afterthe pipe passedover 2.6 millioncubicyardsof coarse Columbia River sand, it was determined that wear was more related to the type of material than the amount of material dredged. Acknowledgments The work and data described are a part of the Improvement of Operation and Maintenance Techniques researchprogram,whichissponsoredbytheOfficeoftheChiefof Engineers,U.S.ArmyCorpsof Engineers. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. Thecontributionsandcooperationofthe U.S,ArmyEngineerDistrict,Portland,andthe Portof Portland, especiallyMr.LawrenceM,Patella,aregratefullyacknowledgedI.n addition,the authorrecognizesthe efforts of Mr. David R, Richards, HL, who planned and supervised the initial laboratory work. Bibliography Nipak,"NipakpipeEngineeringManual,"Dallas,Texas. Phillips Driscopipe, Inc. 1981. "Driscopipe Piping Systems," Dallas, Texas. . 1981. "Oriscopipe Systems Design," Dallas, Texas. , 1981. "Driscopipe Engineering Characteristics," Dallas, Texas. . 1981. "Driscopipe Systems installations," Dallas, Texas, Pipe Systems, Inc. "PSI, The Polyethylene Advantage," Fenton, Missouri. Plexco. "Extra High Molecular Weight High Density Polyethylene Industrial Piping System," Bulletin No. 104, Franklin Park, iiiinois. 12PDF Image | Dredging Applications of High Density Polyethylene Pipe
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