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2.5 MATERIALS USED IN CONCRETE Concrete is made up of four main ingredients: water, Portland cement, aggregates, and air. The ratio of the ingredients changes the properties of the final product, which allows the engineer to design concrete that meets their specific needs. Admixtures are added to adjust the concrete mixture for specific performance criteria. 2.5.1 WATER The water used for concrete mixtures is purely from materials that cause impurities such as silt, soil, organic acids and other organic substances such as salt, alkali and others. Substances such as silt and soil are easily separated by simply stamping processes. The amount of mixing water used should be in minimum order for working status requirements for full compression of concrete. 2.5.2 CEMENT The cement used in figure 1 is a type of artificial material produced with a mixture of limestone and clay or other suitable materials. These substances have two important properties, namely, clusters and adhesions. With this nature, the cement will act as a good binder to tie the rock into a solid and strong body. A mixture of branched clay and clay that has been burned will become a charred stone rich in calcium silicates. This charred stone is then blended together with a bit of calcium sulphate into a fine powder. Sulphate acts as a material in controlling the solidification rate when the cement is mixed with water. Cement can be divided into several types based on the properties and 10PDF Image | concretes that use polymers as a binder
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